Golf profile
The golf surface is intentionally made with many dents.The shape of the golf ball is one of the results of aerodynamic research. This is related to the phenomenon of turbulent flow and separation of the flow around the sphere (ie, the flow around the sphere).
golf
Golf (3 photos)
When a smooth sphere is flown, the turbulent transition occurs later, and the regular flow corresponding to the turbulence is called laminar flow. The laminar boundary layer is more prone to flow separation (ie, the flow line leaves the surface of the ball), the sphere forms a high pressure zone on the face, and the back surface forms a large low pressure zone, which generates a large resistance (pressure difference resistance). The distance the golf ball is flying is small.
When there is a dent on the surface of the sphere, the dent causes the turbulent flow to occur, and the turbulent boundary layer is less prone to flow separation, so that the low pressure zone behind the sphere is small and the resistance is reduced. Increase the distance the golf ball flies.
The friction of the turbulent flow is larger than that of the laminar flow, but compared with the shape resistance, the effect is small and the total resistance is still small.
The small protrusions on the surface of the golf ball can also play a role in promoting separation, but the interference of the protrusions on the flow is somewhat difficult to control, causing some lateral forces (also called lift).
There is no lift in the regular flow of the sphere. Rotation produces lift. A suitable lift-to-drag ratio will increase the flight distance. Different directions of rotation will result in a "banana ball" effect.
In addition, golf rules dictate that golf balls must not be designed, manufactured, or intentionally altered to have characteristics that are different from sphere symmetry.
Golf origin
According to legend, Scotland is the birthplace of golf. At that time, shepherds often used sheep to hit the stone, and the game was far and accurate. This is the early golf.
In the 19th century, golf was introduced to the United States. In 1922, the world's first international competition was the United States' "Walk Cup" golf tournament against the United Kingdom. Golf was introduced to China in the early 20th century. Golf is played on the open grass outside, with 9 or 18 holes. The athletes hit the ball one by one and win the game with fewer hits. The competition is generally divided into singles and groups.
In 1860, England held the first golf tournament. During the year, countries such as India, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States also held competitions, followed by international, intercontinental, and worldwide competitions. The three competitions of the World Cup, England and the US Open can be said to be the highest level of golf.
Golf originated in Scotland in the 15th century. At that time, the shepherds used to play a kind of stone-smashing game with the stick of the sheep. Compared with whoever hit the ball, this game later evolved into a golf ball. In the movie "The Hobbit", Gandalf said that the origin of golf is: "Bilbo Baggins's Zeng Zengzushu "Yak" Tucker battled the Orc army in the battle of green space, slamming the stick to the Orc King The head smashed down, and the head flew a few hundred meters and fell into the rabbit hole. So I won the battle and invented the golf game!" This time, I laughed at the audience in the cinema! !
According to the "Maru Jing", the players of the Marugames respect each other and consider how to hit the ball from the standpoint of the other side.
Golf
Golf (2 photos)
It is a very gentleman's sport. The painting "Picking Picture Mural" of the Yuan Dynasty also proved that "Yu Pill" is the current golf.
The "Xuan Zong travel music map" painted during the Ming Dynasty also confirmed this view. The strong Xuanzong hand-held pole is staring forward, as if thinking about how to hit the ball. The tree that desires to reach the middle looks like a big window. About 10 meters, Xuanzong prepared to hit the ball through the big tree. In the corner of the painting is a caddy running with a club. In fact, "Shen Wan" has evolved from the "step play" of mainland China. As for when it starts from no time. The book "Maru Jing" was the book that people used to elaborate on the rules of the testicle.
The method of playing the ball is the same as that of the golf ball. For example, "When a person raises a wooden ball to the old height, he falls into the nest", "the player who wins the ball and falls into the nest wins", "the ball is swaying, or swaying, or swaying, or rotating, each with the nest." "The right place to be", "either to attack, or to attack, there are many shows." These accounts are very vivid: when people play, they can only stand and raise the ball to the old high. The ball that is struck is curved in the air, and it is necessary to cross the "obstacle" to fall into the nest. Like today's golf tournaments, there were different shots such as side spins and inside and outside spins. Moreover, in addition to standing and hitting the ball, there are a lot of postures.
Site requirements
Indoor golf
Indoor golf
(1) The land should meet the characteristics and technical requirements of golf entertainment activities, and should choose convenient, beautiful environment, green vegetation and no pollution.
(2) In addition to the main course, the golf course should generally include practice grounds, club halls, logistics services, management offices, parking lots, etc., and holiday facilities, swimming pools and other recreational facilities can be attached when needed.
(3) The golf course needs to have a relatively wide lawn. Generally, it should be set up in a hilly gentle slope area, covering an area of about 65,000 to 70,000 square meters. The height difference of the ground at the fairway is 10~20m.
(4) The regular course should be divided into 18 venues of different sizes and shapes. Each site consists of a kickoff, fairway, green and hole. The distance from the tee to the hole is 548m. The total length of the standard course is 5943m to 6400m, and the width is variable. There should be a boundary mark around the course and a boundary pile in the key section. Each sub-site covers an area of 3 to 3.5 square meters.
(5) The tee-off table is the lawn for kick-off. There are two spherical marks on the table, which are about 4.5m apart. The connection between the two marks is called the kick-off line. The tee-off table generally has an area of 30 to 150 square meters, which is about 0.3 to 1.0 m higher than the surrounding surface. The surface is a trimmed short grass with a certain hardness and a smooth surface. Generally, there are two kick-off tables for each hole, which are used by male and female players. For the official competition, a third tee is also required. The hole should be higher than the tee, but should not exceed 20m.
(6) The green is the area where the hole is located, and its plane is mostly free shape with a circular or elliptical shape. The surface is planted with high-quality turf, and it is trimmed and compacted, with gentle slopes and undulations, so that the ball can be on the field. Scroll unimpeded.
(7) From the kickoff to the green and the hole is a flat fairway, the width of which is 30m minimum, generally 40~50m, planted with short turf. The fairway is a rough area. The lightly rough area near the fairway is 2~3m wide, that is, the weeds with short cuts, and the outer side is a heavy rough area, which is natural grass or wood, etc.
Outdoor golf course
Outdoor golf course
(8) The basic equipment of golf balls includes balls, clubs and tees. The ball is made of colloidal material, the diameter is not less than 4.16cm, and the weight is 45.93g. The hitting rod is divided into two types: wood and iron. The length is 5 and 9 respectively. The club consists of three parts: the club head, the pole base and the pole. The length is 0.91~1.29m. In the venue, bunkers, ponds, creeks, etc. may be intentionally formed to form an obstacle zone to increase the interest of hitting the ball and enrich the landscape of the site.
(9) Reasonably arrange the fairways of different lengths. The length of the fairways is generally calculated according to the standard number of bars. The men are 3 to 5 poles and the women are 3 to 6 poles. Usually there are 4 holes in the field, 10 holes in the 4 holes, and 4 holes in the 5 holes.
material
The golf ball is a solid ball made of rubber, covered with a layer of rubber and coated with a layer of white paint. The ball has a diameter of 42.67 mm and weighs 46 grams. The golf ball can be divided into a single layer ball, a double layer ball, a three layer ball, and a multi-shell ball. The hardness can be divided into three types: hardness 90-105, hardness 80-90, and hardness 70. The stick is about 1 meter long, and the end of the stick can be made of wood or a layer of iron.
The competition is generally divided into singles, doubles, 1 pair 2, round robin and so on. During the game, the athletes in the teeing area then use the club to hit their respective balls, then go to the ball's landing point and continue to hit the ball until the ball is hit into the hole. Whoever hits the ball into all the holes with the least number of times will win; it will be divided into supplies, double supply; bird ball, eagle ball, and albatross ball (one said double eagle ball). For example, if the number of shots is three, the number of shots is four (more than one shot is required) for replenishment, and the two shots are double replenishment. They are collectively called helium. One shot is smaller than the rule, and the other is the eagle. The ball, three shots for the albatross ball.
famous brand
GOLF, Callaway, Taylormade, XXIO, SRIXON, Titleist, NIKEGOLF, Mizuno, Honma, Maruman, Ping, Cleveland, MacGregor
Golf structure
From the structure of the golf ball, it can be basically divided into the following four categories:
(1) Single layer ball
This ball can also be called a one-piece ball or a header ball, and is generally only used for practice or for driving range. The sphere is pressed from hard rubber and painted.
(2) Double-layer ball
This kind of ball is also called a double body ball or two head balls. It is the most commonly used ball. The outer core of the sphere is made of hard rubber or plastic, or a mixture of the two is made of a shell having a thickness of about 1 mm. Most of the golf balls on the market that are far away or resistant to wear have adopted this structure and are the best choice for the average enthusiast.
(3) Three-layer ball
The three-layer ball can also be called a three-headed ball, which is a commonly used ball for high-level players. The outer surface of the core of the size equivalent to the forceps made of rubber, plastic or a mixture of the two surrounds the liquid-filled bladder, and the thin rubber strip is wrapped around the wire, and the outer casing is a rubber product. This rubber core ball is the ball with the highest rotatory and hitting sensation.
(4) Multi-layer ball
The more powerful the ball is, the more easily the ball is deformed. The multi-layer ball is designed and manufactured according to this principle, and the purpose is to use any hitting force to produce the best results. The center of the ball is designed to drive the ball farther, the middle layer is suitable for the iron shot, and the outer shell is for the best hitting feeling and the maximum swing. The newly designed ball begins to incorporate metal powders such as titanium, tungsten and magnesium into the center of the ball and the outer shell to strengthen the strength of the ball and make the weight distribution in the ball more reasonable. However, such a ball is expensive, and the practitioner tends to lose the ball and increase the cost of playing when he is off the court, so it is not often used.
rule
General
The rules of golf must be understood before any sport can be understood in order to avoid the ridicule. Highball
golf
golf
Paying attention to the display of gentleman's demeanor, the understanding of the basic rules can not be ignored. Therefore, the basic rules of the high ball, the difference between the stroke play and the match play, the various ball hitting conditions, the judgment and handling, and the precautions for participating in the game are explained.
1. The golf game is to hit the ball from the teeing ground by a single shot or a continuous shot according to the rules.
2. Influence on the ball In addition to the regular action on time, the player or caddy must not have any behavior that affects the position or movement of the ball.
3. Negotiated violation rules Players may not negotiate the exclusion of any rule application or waive the penalty that has been awarded.
rule
1. Although there are many rules for golf, the most basic ones are the following two points:
golf
golf
a. Participants must compete under fair conditions.
b. During the game, it is necessary to be able to objectively deal with the situation that is beneficial to them.
2. As for the other rules, they are based on the above two basic principles.
The rules are self-starting. Although the golf rules are formulated by the Golf Association and based on the spirit of fair competition, each player should be required to become a referee who abides by the rules.
3. Hit the ball into the hole by hitting the ball.
a. The so-called basic principle of golfing is to continuously strike a ball from the table until it enters the hole. If you move with the ball, or use the method of throwing, rolling, etc., it is a violation of the rules.
b. After the ball is at rest, continue to play. When the ball is hit, the ball can be played after it is at rest, and it is not possible to change the surrounding environment in order to facilitate the swing.
Stroke and match play
The difference in form, the form of golf is more than the pole game and the match play. Whether in professional or amateur competitions, it is more common in the form of stroke play.
golf
golf
see.
1. The so-called stroke play is to accumulate the number of shots in each hole. After a game (18 holes) is completed, add the total number of shots to determine the outcome by the total number of shots.
2. The match play is based on the number of shots. However, the difference is in the match play. The hole is determined by the number of shots per hole. The score is determined by the cumulative number of holes in each game.
3, omitting the difference in the hole than the bar game regulations must be after the ball is hit into the hole, so as long as the other party agrees, you do not have to adhere to the principle that the ball needs to enter the hole.
4. Differences in penalties In stroke play and match play.
Judgment processing
Out of bounds (OB)
"Outside" is a zone where playing is prohibited. It is often marked by boundary pillars or fences. The boundary outside the boundary should be determined by the boundary pile (without the bracket) or the innermost point of the fence. If the boundary is marked by a marking on the ground, the outer line extends vertically upwards and downwards, and the line itself is a boundary.
Lost ball
The following conditions can be considered as "lost ball":
a, the player or his team, or their brothers, can not find the ball five minutes after starting to find the ball; or if found, the player can not identify whether it is the ball used;
b. The player has used another ball as the game ball according to the rules, but did not find his original ball;
c. The player may replace the ball with a click that may be the location of the original ball or the hole of the original ball, so the substitute ball becomes the game ball. Instead of the ball, the original ball may be lost outside the water barrier, and the ball is replaced by the ball, which is called "replacement ball."
Water barrier
(including side water barriers)
“Water barrier” means any sea, lake, pond, river, ditches, ground drains or other open channels (whether or not there is water), and the like.
a. Any land or water within the limits of water barriers, the land is part of the water barrier.
b. Water barriers (except for side water barriers) shall be marked with yellow boundary pillars or markings; lateral water barriers shall be defined by red boundary pillars or markings
Player
Player
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c. Ball in the water obstacle The ball hit in the direction of the water obstacle.
(1). Try to take a shot as close as possible to the last shot.
(2) There should be no restrictions on how far to throw from the rear of the water barrier.
(3) When the ball falls into, touches or is lost in the side water barrier, the following special measures can be selected:
The edge of the water barrier that passes through the obstacle at the end of the original ball; or the edge of the water barrier at the same distance from the hole; throws the ball within the length of the two clubs.
Precautions
It is forbidden to be late
The biggest taboo for participating in golf tournaments is to be late.
1. If the match with a friend is late, it will be listed as the most unpopular player; if it is late in the official game, it will be fined and the game will be disqualified.
2. Late penalty can be divided into two types according to the competition form.
Two strokes for late arrivals in the stroke match;
The match play defeated the first hole.
It can be seen that the late arrival of the competition is a great shame for the contestants and should be avoided as much as possible.
Entry conditions
Each contestant must know the conditions of the game before the game:
1. The correct time of the competition; 2. The arrangement of the members of each group; 3. The difference that is recognized by themselves; 4. The first hole is No. 1 or No. 10; 5. The local rules on the day of the competition;
Club limit.
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